Routinely identified metabolites (abbreviations in parenthesis) in the ISO1 and ISO1-UNL extracts, as verified by comparison to individual standards. Note: this list is not finite, as other metabolites have been identified with alternate protocols (e.g., coenzyme A’s – acetyl, malonyl, propionyl; glucose-1-phosphate; fructose-1-phosphate) or are subject to degradation (e.g., reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate – NADPH).
Below is an illustrative example of our characterization data and tabulated examples of the routinely identified metabolites.
| Amino Acids and Derivatives (L enantiomer where applicable) | ||
| S-Adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) | Glutamate (Glu) | Methionine (Met) |
| Alanine (Ala) | Glutamine (Gln) | (±)-3-Methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (K-IVal) |
| α-Aminoadipic acid (AAD) | Glycine (Gly) | Ornithine (Orn) |
| Arginine (Arg) | Guanidineacetic acid (GAA) | Phenylalanine (Phe) |
| Argininosuccinic acid (ASA) | Histidine (His) | Proline (Pro) |
| Asparagine (Asn) | Homoserine (Hse) | Sarcosine (Sar) |
| Aspartate (Asp) | Isoleucine (Ile) | Serine (Ser) |
| Betaine (BET) | α-Ketoisovalerate (KIV) | Threonine (Thr) |
| Citrulline (Cit) | Kynurenine (KYN) | Tryptophan (Trp) |
| Cystathionine (CYS) | Leucine (Leu) | Tyrosine (Tyr) |
| Dihydroxyisovalerate (DIHV) | Lysine (Lys) | Valine (Val) |
| Nucleobases, Nucleosides, and Nucleotides | ||
| Adenine (Ade) | Cytidine triphosphate (CTP) | Inosine (Isin) |
| Adenosine (Asin) | Deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP) | Inosine monophosphate (IMP) |
| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | 5’-Deoxy-5’-methylthioadenosine (MTAP) | 5-Methyluridine (m5U) |
| Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) | Guanine (Gnin) | Pseudouridine (PsU) |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Guanosine (Gsin) | Uridine (Uri) |
| Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) | Guanosine diphosphate (GDP) | Uridine diphosphate (UDP) |
| Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) | Guanosine monophosphate (GMP) | Uridine monophosphate (UMP) |
| Cytidine monophosphate (CMP) | Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) | Uridine triphosphate (UTP) |
| Organic Acids | ||
| cis-Aconitate (cis-Ac) | DL-2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) | Malate (Mali) |
| Citrate (Cit) | Isocitrate (Iso) | Pyruvate (Pyr) |
| Fumerate (Fum) | α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) | Succinate (Suc) |
| Gluconate (GA) | Lactate (Lac) | |
| Sugar and Sugar Phosphates (D enantiomer where applicable) | ||
| Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) | Glucose (Glc) | 6-Phosphogluconate (6PGA) |
| Erythritol (Erthrit) | Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) | Ribose (RIB) |
| Fructose (Fuc) | Mannitol (Man-Ol) | Ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) |
| Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) | Mannose (Man) | Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate (S7P) |
| Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) | Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) | Trehalose (TRE) |
| Galactose (Gal) | 2-Phosphoglycerate (2PG) | |
| Vitamins and Coenzymes | ||
| Biotin (B7)* | Nicotinamide (NAA) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced (NADH) |
| Choline (CHOL) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized (NAD+) | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, oxidized (NADP+) |
| Other Small Molecules | ||
| Glutamylcysteine (Glu-Cys) | Glutathione, oxidized (GSSG) | Mevalonic acid (MVA) |
| Glutathione, reduced (GSH) | ||
* Identified in ISO1-UNL only.
